Great research @glv without looking deeper into it, this seems to me that the Android mode is somehow using the wrong JDK that is shipping with Processing.
For a bit of a background, Processing used to ship with only a single JDK, that was also used as the runtime for the PDE itself. Since 4.4.0 it ships with a runtime and the JDK for building the Processing sketches separately, looks like the Android mode is using the runtime JDK and not the building JDK