Absolutely you can!
- The Arduino can collect data from sensors
Using A/D:
analogRead() - Arduino Reference - The Arduino and Processing can communicate.
Serial / Libraries / Processing.org
Serial - Arduino Reference - Processing can visualize that data
https://processing.org/
Related post:
Starting doing some exploration.
There are lots of resources out there including this forum.
I may assist once you start doing some personal exploration on the subject.