I should really have a look at states.
It was used in the explosion example I’ve got to use to try to make particles appear from the popped bubble.
We tried a little bit but I guess if this is the way to do it we should really read more about states.
Thx 
In a full program state refers to different screens (start screen / Game / Help Screen / High score screen) or major situations of the sketch.
Here, state is the situation/ state of one bubble (raises or popped…)
It’s nothing complicated.
It just stores whether you clicked a bubble and then whether it’s exploded or sinking or dead. You store this information in int state and when it changes (in an explosion all shrapnels vanished) you change state accordingly (bubble is dead).
You also act on state (act accordingly to state), so when state is bubble, show bubble, when state is explode, show explosion.
It’s just a simple way to make animation with different steps/phases/situations/states.
1 Like
This is a test we did yesterday without any switch states…
its to sets out gravity and also a way to “switch state” with if.
When I click the mouse I change the size of the “ball” to zero with a variable and create a new “ball” with the size of 1 in the same spot. Also I stop the movement with “gravity” and the small new “ball” falls to the ground.
I tried adding “switch” to this code right now with no success 
Could you modify my code to work with switch?
Also… In this code… We tried really hard to re-spawn a new “ball” when the dead dropping ball exits the screen… Couldn’t make that happen either.
//Gravity test by Teljemo and son...
//Click anywhere to pop the ball and see the reaminting matter fall to the ground.
//To do:
//Respawn ball when matter exits window.
//Change to states.
float gravity; //Gravity variable
float x; //Startpoint for ball in X
float upspeed; //The speed of the ball rising.
float riseStart; //Start point of the ball and position of ball (follows the ball)
boolean click = false; //For mousepress (tried this way instead of a void mousePressed)
float bsize1; //original size of ball
float bsize2; //Size of dropping small ball
void setup() {
size(640, 360);
x = width/2; //Ball rise from middle of window
riseStart = height+bsize2; //Ball starts from its own size below window
bsize1 = 20;
bsize2 = 1;
upspeed = 5;
gravity = 0.5;
}
void draw() {
background(0);
noFill();
stroke(255);
ellipse(x, riseStart, bsize1, bsize1); //Ball with size1 as 20
println("rS", riseStart);
riseStart = riseStart - upspeed;
if (mousePressed) {
click = true;
}
if (click) {
upspeed = upspeed - gravity;
ellipse(x, riseStart, bsize2, bsize2); // new small ball created
bsize1 = 0; //The original ball size changet to 0 = invisible. Still follows "riseStart"
}
//Tried to reset riseStart when the small ball exits the window to spawn a new ball.
if (riseStart > height+bsize2) {
riseStart = height+bsize2;
}
}//draw
1 Like
Where do you want to add switch – and what do you want it to do?
switch case a case b case c is equivalent to if a if b if c. If you add break statements it is equivalent to if a else if b else if c.
1 Like
I want it to do the same thing as now.
The ball is rising. When clicking the ball change state to a really small ball that changes direction with gravity and falls down.
When it exits the window a new ball should rise up.
When this works I will move on to adding the pop “explosion” that should happen at the same time as the original ball disappears.
Finally we will try to add all this in to our bubble class code.
1 Like
first a word to switch() and case.
This simple program is without it.
int stateBubble=0;
void setup() {
size(700, 700);
}
void draw() {
background(0);
text(stateBubble, 111, 111);
}
// ----------------------------------------------------
void keyPressed() {
if (key=='0')
stateBubble = 0;
else if (key=='1')
stateBubble = 1;
else if (key=='2')
stateBubble = 2;
else {
//ignore
}
}
//
Here is the same Sketch with switch().
As you can see, switch() has nothing to do with state but is there to evaluate one variable when it can have different values:
Here is is used to evaluate key :
int stateBubble=0;
void setup() {
size(700, 700);
}
void draw() {
background(0);
text(stateBubble, 111, 111);
}
// ----------------------------------------------------
void keyPressed() {
switch(key) {
case '0':
stateBubble = 0;
break;
case '1':
stateBubble = 1;
break;
case '2':
stateBubble = 2;
break;
default:
//ignore
break;
//
}//switch
//
}//function
//
1 Like
Now I look at your last sketch
here is your mistake:
The upper screen border is not height but 0 (zero)
The lower part is height.
(The point 0,0 is upper left corner)
Hence you want
//Tried to reset riseStart when the small ball exits the window to spawn a new ball.
if (riseStart < 0) {
or
//Tried to reset riseStart when the small ball exits the window to spawn a new ball.
if (riseStart < bsize2) {
1 Like
Now I look at your draw and it’s a little confusing because a lot of ifs:
if (mousePressed) {
click = true;
}
if (click) {
upspeed = upspeed - gravity;
ellipse(x, riseStart, bsize2, bsize2); // new small ball created
bsize1 = 0; //The original ball size changet to 0 = invisible. Still follows "riseStart"
}
//Tried to reset riseStart when the small ball exits the window to spawn a new ball.
if (riseStart > height+bsize2) {
We can use state and switch() to make it better readable.
//Gravity test by Teljemo and son - NOW with states
//Click anywhere to pop the ball and see the reaminting matter fall to the ground.
//To do:
//Respawn ball when matter exits window.
//Change to states. Done.
// constants: these are values that state can have (must be unique (0,1,2...))
final int RISE = 0; // the word final makes them constants
final int FALL = 1;
final int RESTART = 2;
// variable: current value of the state
int state=RISE; // not a state of the program, but the state of the ball
float gravity; //Gravity variable
float x; //Startpoint for ball in X
float upspeed; //The speed of the ball rising.
float riseStart; //Start point of the ball and position of ball (follows the ball)
float bsize1; //original size of ball
float bsize2; //Size of dropping small ball
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void setup() {
size(640, 360);
x = width/2; //Ball rise from middle of window
riseStart = height+bsize2; //Ball starts from its own size below window
bsize1 = 20;
bsize2 = 3;
upspeed = 5;
gravity = 0.5;
} //function
void draw() {
background(0);
switch(state) {
case RISE:
noFill();
stroke(255);
ellipse(x, riseStart,
bsize1, bsize1); //Ball with size1 as 20
riseStart = riseStart - upspeed;
println("rS", riseStart);
if (riseStart < bsize2) { // upper screen border
state = RESTART;
}
break;
case FALL:
upspeed = upspeed - gravity;
riseStart = riseStart - upspeed;
ellipse(x, riseStart,
bsize2, bsize2); // new small ball created
if (riseStart>height+133) { // lower screen border
state = RESTART;
upspeed = 5;
}
break;
case RESTART:
// restart
riseStart = height+bsize2+random(33, 333);
state = RISE;
break;
default:
// Error
println("Error. Unknown state ");
exit();
break;
//
}//switch
//
}//draw
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void mousePressed() {
state = FALL;
}//function
//
Now I look at your sketch from Nov 30th
First, you had your variables outside the class.
They must be inside the class (it’s not enough to have it in the same tab. It’s still seen as global variables which is bad. It’s bad when you want to use multiple different bubbles)
float tempSize;
float w;
float h;
boolean move = true;
float maxW;
float maxH;
float minW;
float minH;
float wspeed;
float hspeed;
float riseY = random(0.5, 2);
float riseStart;
float start = random(0, 640);
float mX;
float mY;
Now, in the previous sketch without the class I used state.
Putting it together
Sketch with state inside the class
Bubble b1;
void setup() {
size(640, 360);
b1 = new Bubble(50);
}
void draw() {
background(0);
b1.all();
}
void mousePressed() {
if (b1.over()) {
b1.fall();
}
}
//====================================================
//Bubble class tab
class Bubble {
// constants: these are values that state can have (must be unique (0,1,2...))
final int RISE = 0; // the word final makes them constants
final int FALL = 1;
final int RESTART = 2;
// variable: current value of the state
int state=RISE; // not a state of the program, but the state of the ball
float tempSize;
float w;
float h;
boolean move = true;
float maxW;
float maxH;
float minW;
float minH;
float wspeed;
float hspeed;
float riseY = random(0.5, 2);
float riseStart;
float start = random(0, 640);
float gravity = 0.5;
Bubble(float tempSize) {
w = tempSize;
h = tempSize;
riseStart = tempSize + height;
maxW = w*1.1+random(0, maxW/2);
maxH = h*1.1+random(0, maxH/1);
minW = w/1.1;
minH = h/1.1;
wspeed = w/100;
hspeed = h/75;
}
void all() {
// all (or script())
print("Y ", mouseY);
print(" RS ", b1.riseStart);
print(" X ", mouseX);
println(" Start", b1.start);
switch(state) {
case RISE:
show();
move();
top();
break;
case FALL:
riseY = riseY - gravity;
riseStart = riseStart - riseY;
ellipse(start, riseStart,
3, 3); // new small ball
if (riseStart>height+133) { // lower screen border
state = RESTART;
riseY = 5;
}
break;
case RESTART:
// restart
state = RISE;
riseStart = tempSize + height+100;
start = random(w, width-w);
break;
default:
// Error
println("Error. Unknown state ");
exit();
break;
//
}//switch
//
} // method
void show() {
//noFill();
//stroke(255);
fill(255, 0, 0); // RED
noStroke();
strokeWeight(2);
ellipse (start, riseStart,
w, h);
if (move) {
w = w + wspeed;
if ((w > maxW) || (w < minW)) { // Makes bubble wobble.
wspeed = wspeed * -1;
}
if (move) {
h = h + hspeed;
}
if ((h > maxH) || (h < minH)) { // Makes bubble wobble.
hspeed = hspeed * -1;
}
}
}
void move() {
riseStart = riseStart - riseY;
}
void top() {
if (riseStart < tempSize - tempSize -100) {
state=RESTART;
}
}
void fall() {
state=FALL;
}
boolean over() {
// returns true or false; true when mouse is on balloon.
// You had this in mousePressed before.
return
(mouseX < start + w/2) &&
(mouseX > start - w/2) &&
(mouseY < riseStart + h/2) &&
(mouseY > riseStart - h/2);
}
//
}//class
//
Remember you can use ctrl-t for auto-format your sketch in processing.
Chrisir
2 Likes
Thanks a million!!..
This really helped us understand the switch function better 
With the bubble code now working with the “pop” and a small piece falling to the ground and also the reset function working as we want, we started looking at the “explosion” today.
We have now moved on in the “coding train course” on YT to arrays. (We have been waiting to start with that chapter until these other things were solved.)
Of course we got stuck after a couple of hours and I don’t want my teenager son to loose hope I need help on this to.
Our goal on this is to make particles/points appear on the click (case FALL:), (This will look like the ghost of the bubble when it bursts) then quickly dissiperar with a fade.
We have found a way on how to do the fade and we have a point working in a test program.
This point is set to appear at the radius border (hard-coded) of the bubble (a static circle in the test program) and then fade away.
We have made the array and can create many points but we got stuck in how to position them around the bubble.
Now, we need to have them appear all around the circle.
The problems:
Position of point cloud cant follow the dropping part.
Creation of points around where the bubble was when it was clicked. In the real bubble program, we use a variable name “riseStart” as the start point for the bubble and then retract (-) from this to make the bubble rise. The same variable is then reused by the dropping part with a bit of gravity added.
The point cloud we now want should not follow “riseStart” when it appears. The small part drops with this variable but the point cloud should stay!..
Positions of points around the bubble
We got stuck on this and decided to call it a day when we realized this might be including to many new things. On search we found trigonometry and my son haven’t even started on that in school. So, I felt that I need to check with you what the best way to do this is. Maybe there is a simple way that we haven’t found or figured out.
The test program:
In the test program below we use a static circle as bubble but use variables for position of it so we can pretend it could move (as the real bubble)
There is a array of 10 point lining up right now. We cant figure out how to get them to spawn where the circle was and then stop using “riseStart” to stay while fading out. Maybe move a little bit like a implode… hmm…
The code is one tab only.
float col = 255;
boolean boolFade;
boolean bFadeIn;
Matter[] matters = new Matter[10];
void setup() {
size(200, 200);
for (int i = 0; i < matters.length; i++) {
matters[i] = new Matter(50);
}
}
//
//====================================================
//
void draw() {
background(0);
for (int i =0; i < matters.length; i++) {
matters[i].lol();
matters[i].mFade();
}
}
//
//====================================================
//
void mousePressed() {
col = 0;
boolFade = true;
bFadeIn = !bFadeIn;
}
//
//====================================================
//
class Matter {
float fade;
int passedTime;
int maxTime = 50;
float rad;
float riseStart;
float x;
float x_;
float w;
float h;
float maxW;
Matter(float tempSize) {
rad = tempSize/2;
riseStart = 100;
x = 100;
x_ = random(75,150);
w = tempSize;
h = tempSize;
maxW = w*1.1;
}
//
//====================================================
//
void lol() {
noFill();
stroke(col);
strokeWeight(1);
ellipse(x, riseStart, w, h); // bubbla
mFade();
}
//
//====================================================
//
// the void below is from google. It was a rectangle fading in and out on click.
// We just commented out the "else" line in the code, we always want it to fade out.
//Maybe more things can be cleaned up from this code. We were just glad it worked right now :)
void mFade() {
if (boolFade) {
passedTime++;
if (bFadeIn) {
fade = map(maxTime - passedTime, 0, maxTime, 0, 255);
} else {
//fade = map(passedTime, 0, maxTime, 0, 255);
}
println(bFadeIn + " " + passedTime + " " + fade);
if (fade > 254 || fade < 1) {
boolFade = false;
passedTime = 0;
}
}
noFill();
stroke(255, fade);
strokeWeight(1);
point(x_, riseStart-rad); // the point
}
}//class
2 Likes
Hello!
Here is a simple sketch showing the use of cos and sin (taken from this forum).
This way you get a circle around a point.
PointCircle[] points; //might want to use a list (ArrayList)
void setup() {
size(1300, 600);
final float RADIUS = 80.8;
final float ANGLE_INCREMENT = TWO_PI/10;
//2PI would only shoot down, PI is up down,
//halfPi is in 4 dirs and so on
//you can also just use some random number like 0.3256
//but try keeping it within 0-2PI
points = new PointCircle[0];
for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
float angle=i*ANGLE_INCREMENT;
float CENTER_X=width/2;
float CENTER_Y=height/2;
// make a new bullet
PointCircle newBullet = new PointCircle( cos(angle)*RADIUS+CENTER_X, sin(angle)*RADIUS+CENTER_Y);
// append it to array
points = (PointCircle[]) append(points, newBullet);
}
}
void draw() {
background(255);
for (int i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
points[i].display();
}//for
}////func
// ================================================================================
class PointCircle {
// Bullet
float posX, posY;
PointCircle (float x, float y ) {
posX = x;
posY = y;
}
void display() {
fill(255, 0, 0);
ellipse(posX, posY,
3, 3);
}
//
}//class
//
Here is another explosion based on the cos sin sketch (also from this forum).
It’s also with fading.
Bullet[] bullets; //might want to use a list (ArrayList)
void setup() {
size(1300, 600);
final float RADIUS = 1.8;
final float ANGLE_INCREMENT = TWO_PI/10;
//2PI would only shoot down, PI is up down,
//halfPi is in 4 dirs and so on
//you can also just use some random number like 0.3256
//but try keeping it within 0-2PI
bullets = new Bullet[0];
for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
float angle=i*ANGLE_INCREMENT;
float CENTER_X=width/2;
float CENTER_Y=height/2;
// make a new bullet
Bullet newBullet = new Bullet(
cos(angle)*RADIUS+CENTER_X, sin(angle)*RADIUS+CENTER_Y,
cos(angle)*0.8, sin(angle)*0.8);
// append it to array
bullets = (Bullet[]) append(bullets, newBullet);
}
}
void draw() {
background(255);
for (int i = 0; i < bullets.length; i++) {
bullets[i].display();
bullets[i].move();
}//for
}////func
// =======================================================================
class Bullet {
// Bullet
float posX, posY;
float dirX;
float dirY;
int fade = 255;
Bullet (float x, float y,
float dx, float dy) {
posX = x;
posY = y;
dirX = dx;
dirY = dy;
}
void display() {
fill(255, 0, 0, fade);
noStroke();
ellipse(posX, posY,
3, 3);
}
void move() {
posX+=dirX;
posY+=dirY;
fade--;
}
//
}//class
//
Please note, that it has a class Bullet which represents one circle (shrapnel) of the explosion.
On sketch level (outside the class) is an array of that class.
For your sketch that means that when a ball explodes (and there could be multiple balls with multiple explosions) you start a explosion like in this sketch.
So best when each ball has an array bullets inside it.
You then need the class Bullet.
Bubble b1;
void setup() {
size(640, 360);
b1 = new Bubble(50);
}
void draw() {
background(0);
b1.all();
}
void mousePressed() {
if (b1.over()) {
b1.fall();
}
}
//====================================================
//Bubble class tab
class Bubble {
// constants: these are values that state can have (must be unique (0,1,2...))
final int RISE = 0; // the word final makes them constants
final int FALL = 1;
final int RESTART = 2;
// variable: current value of the state
int state=RISE; // not a state of the program, but the state of the ball
float tempSize;
float w;
float h;
boolean move = true;
float maxW;
float maxH;
float minW;
float minH;
float wspeed;
float hspeed;
float riseY = random(0.5, 2);
float riseStart;
float start = random(0, 640);
float gravity = 0.5;
Bullet[] bullets; //might want to use a list (ArrayList)
Bubble(float tempSize) {
w = tempSize;
h = tempSize;
riseStart = tempSize + height;
maxW = w*1.1+random(0, maxW/2);
maxH = h*1.1+random(0, maxH/1);
minW = w/1.1;
minH = h/1.1;
wspeed = w/100;
hspeed = h/75;
}
void all() {
// all (or script())
print("Y ", mouseY);
print(" RS ", b1.riseStart);
print(" X ", mouseX);
println(" Start", b1.start);
switch(state) {
case RISE:
show();
move();
top();
break;
case FALL:
riseY = riseY - gravity;
riseStart = riseStart - riseY;
ellipse(start, riseStart,
3, 3); // new small ball
showExplosion();
if (riseStart>height+133) { // lower screen border
state = RESTART;
riseY = 5;
}
break;
case RESTART:
// restart
state = RISE;
riseStart = tempSize + height+100;
start = random(w, width-w);
break;
default:
// Error
println("Error. Unknown state ");
exit();
break;
//
}//switch
//
} // method
void show() {
//noFill();
//stroke(255);
fill(255, 0, 0); // RED
noStroke();
strokeWeight(2);
ellipse (start, riseStart,
w, h);
if (move) {
w = w + wspeed;
if ((w > maxW) || (w < minW)) { // Makes bubble wobble.
wspeed = wspeed * -1;
}
if (move) {
h = h + hspeed;
}
if ((h > maxH) || (h < minH)) { // Makes bubble wobble.
hspeed = hspeed * -1;
}
}
}
void move() {
riseStart = riseStart - riseY;
}
void top() {
if (riseStart < tempSize - tempSize -100) {
state=RESTART;
}
}
void fall() {
state=FALL;
explode();
}
boolean over() {
// returns true or false; true when mouse is on balloon.
// You had this in mousePressed before.
return
(mouseX < start + w/2) &&
(mouseX > start - w/2) &&
(mouseY < riseStart + h/2) &&
(mouseY > riseStart - h/2);
}
void showExplosion() {
for (int i = 0; i < bullets.length; i++) {
bullets[i].display();
bullets[i].move();
}//for
}
void explode() {
final float RADIUS = 1.8;
final float ANGLE_INCREMENT = TWO_PI/10;
//2PI would only shoot down, PI is up down,
//halfPi is in 4 dirs and so on
//you can also just use some random number like 0.3256
//but try keeping it within 0-2PI
// full reset
bullets = new Bullet[0];
for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
float angle=i*ANGLE_INCREMENT;
// make a new bullet at CURRENT POSITION : start, riseStart
Bullet newBullet = new Bullet(
cos(angle)*RADIUS+start, sin(angle)*RADIUS+riseStart,
cos(angle)*0.8, sin(angle)*0.8);
// append it to array
bullets = (Bullet[]) append(bullets, newBullet);
}
}
}//class
// ================================================================================
class Bullet {
// Bullet
float posX, posY;
float dirX;
float dirY;
int fade = 255;
Bullet (float x, float y,
float dx, float dy) {
posX = x;
posY = y;
dirX = dx;
dirY = dy;
}
void display() {
fill(255, 0, 0, fade);
noStroke();
ellipse(posX, posY,
3, 3);
}
void move() {
posX+=dirX;
posY+=dirY;
fade-=1;
}
//
}//class
//
Chrisir
(I also showed you an explosion above some weeks ago)
2 Likes
Me and my son looked at this tonight.
We have been taking baby steps and much of this code is way beyond our level as we follow the “Learning Processing” book and tutorials by Daniel Shiffman. We sertanly notice progress by the fact we are actually seeing things in the code examples more now than before!. 
Really cool!
There is some things we couldn’t figure out.
Our bubble is made with variables all along so everything connects. This is so we can set it to a different size and the wobble will adapt.
When we tries to do this with the “bullets” (now renamed fallouts in the code) we cant figure out how to change this.
We changed the “final float RADIOUS = 1,8” to a variable called “rad” that is based on the bubble dimeter/2. This worked to make the fallout start from the bubble edge
Then we want to be able to change the number of fallouts depending on the size of the bubble but this we couldn’t find.
The number seems to be hardcoded here:
final float ANGLE_INCREMENT = TWO_PI/10;
and
for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
I tried using fallout.lenght and “i” but it didn’t work in this case?
We also want to change how far and how fast the fallout moves. We want to have it move a bit less and maybe try some small random here. Could find where to do this?
Is it possible to create the dots a little more random around the circle? just some pixels? So it doesn’t look so perfect
Then we cant figure out this:
class Fallout {
// Bullet
float posX, posY; **// pos and dir variables crated, no values..**
float dirX;
float dirY;
int fade = 255;
Fallout (float x, float y, **// x,y,dx and dy variables created, where do they get there values from?**
float dx, float dy) {
posX = x; **// variables with values taken from somewhere and used where? Now getting what value**
posY = y;
dirX = dx;
dirY = dy;
Also some small question marks.
- Why is riseY reminding the program of its original values in FALL already and not in RESTART?
- The default state? when does this appear? And the exit() line. Does it close the viewer?
Played around with it some more and this is what I came up with…
Still cant figure out a lot of the above…
Bubble b1;
void setup() {
size(640, 360);
b1 = new Bubble(50);
}
void draw() {
background(0);
b1.all();
}
void mousePressed() {
if (b1.over()) {
b1.fall();
}
}
class Bubble {
// constants: these are values that state can have (must be unique (0,1,2...))
final int RISE = 0; // the word final makes them constants
final int FALL = 1;
final int RESTART = 2;
// variable: current value of the state
int state=RISE; // not a state of the program, but the state of the ball
float tempSize;
float w;
float h;
boolean move = true;
float maxW;
float maxH;
float minW;
float minH;
float wspeed;
float hspeed;
float riseY = random(0.8, 3);
float riseStart;
float start = random(0, 640);
float gravity = 0.3;
float rad;
Fallout[] fallouts; //might want to use a list (ArrayList)
Bubble(float tempSize) { // <----------------- Bubble takes value from tab 1 and makes tempSize
w = tempSize;
h = tempSize;
riseStart = tempSize + height;
rad=tempSize/2;
maxW = w*1.1+random(0, maxW/2);
maxH = h*1.1+random(0, maxH/1);
minW = w/1.1;
minH = h/1.1;
wspeed = w/100;
hspeed = h/75;
//println(tempSize);
}
void all() {
stroke(255,255);
// all (or script())
//print("Y ", mouseY);
//print(" RS ", b1.riseStart);
//print(" X ", mouseX);
//println(" Start", b1.start);
switch(state) {
case RISE:
show();
move();
top();
break;
case FALL:
riseY = riseY - gravity;
riseStart = riseStart - riseY;
ellipse(start, riseStart,
3, 3); // new small ball
showExplosion();
if (riseStart>height+133) { // lower screen border
state = RESTART;
riseY = random(0.8, 3); // Why do we put this hera and not in case RESTART?
}
break;
case RESTART:
// restart
state = RISE;
riseStart = tempSize + height+100;
start = random(w, width-w);
break;
default: // What does this state do? When does it run?
// Error
println("Error. Unknown state ");
exit();
break;
//
}//switch
//
} // method
void show() {
//noFill();
//stroke(255);
noFill();
stroke(255,255);
strokeWeight(1);
ellipse (start, riseStart,
w, h);
if (move) {
w = w + wspeed;
if ((w > maxW) || (w < minW)) { // Makes bubble wobble.
wspeed = wspeed * -1;
}
if (move) {
h = h + hspeed;
}
if ((h > maxH) || (h < minH)) { // Makes bubble wobble.
hspeed = hspeed * -1;
}
}
}
void move() {
riseStart = riseStart - riseY;
}
void top() {
if (riseStart < tempSize - tempSize -100) {
state=RESTART;
}
}
void fall() {
state=FALL;
explode();
}
boolean over() {
// returns true or false; true when mouse is on balloon.
// You had this in mousePressed before.
return
(mouseX < start + w/2) &&
(mouseX > start - w/2) &&
(mouseY < riseStart + h/2) &&
(mouseY > riseStart - h/2);
}
void showExplosion() {
for (int i = 0; i < fallouts.length; i++) {
fallouts[i].display();
fallouts[i].move();
}//for
}
void explode() {
final float RADIUS = rad;
println(rad);
final float ANGLE_INCREMENT = TWO_PI/15;
//2PI would only shoot down, PI is up down,
//halfPi is in 4 dirs and so on
//you can also just use some random number like 0.3256
//but try keeping it within 0-2PI
// full reset
fallouts = new Fallout[0];
for (int i=0; i<15; i++) {
float angle=i*ANGLE_INCREMENT;
// make a new bullet at CURRENT POSITION : start, riseStart
Fallout newFallout = new Fallout(
cos(angle)*RADIUS+start, sin(angle)*RADIUS+riseStart,
cos(angle)*0.8, sin(angle)*0.8);
// append it to array
fallouts = (Fallout[]) append(fallouts, newFallout);
}
}
}//class
class Fallout {
// Bullet
float posX, posY;
float dirX;
float dirY;
int fade = 255;
Fallout (float x, float y,
float dx, float dy) {
posX = x;
posY = y;
dirX = dx;
dirY = dy;
}
void display() {
fill(255, fade);
noStroke();
ellipse(posX, posY,
1, 1);
}
void move() {
posX+=random(-dirX/5,dirX);
posY+=random(dirY,-dirY/2);
fade-=20;
}
//
}//class
It’s in the class Bullet, method display() : the ellipse command.
In the method explode(), note that new Bullet (explosion shrapnel or splinters) is generated with 4 parameters: the first two are the position (around the bubble) the second two is the speed of the shrapnel (away from the bubble).
I think replace 10 (in both places) by 20 or whatever.
Where you initiate the 10 bullets - the 2nd two parameters (number 3 and 4) are the speed
default belongs to switch(). It’s doing the same as the else in if else…: it takes care of the cases we forgot. In our case this would apply if state had a value that we didn’t expect. This would be an error. The exit() would terminate the program. But it’s necessary to check whether state has a wrong value and to register this immediately and terminate the program.
Maybe you should read the tutorial on objects. In this part (named the constructor) in the class we initiate a new Bullet. It gets its values from the parameters of this specific function (the constructor) and these are from the parameters copied into the bullet properties. That’s how objects (the cookies) are made from the class (the cookie maker).
You call this part here:
// make a new bullet at CURRENT POSITION : start, riseStart
Fallout newFallout = new Fallout(
cos(angle)*RADIUS+start, sin(angle)*RADIUS+riseStart,
cos(angle)*0.8, sin(angle)*0.8);
2 Likes
Hi all. Here is some simple code slightly modified from some teaching material I use with my students. Hope it is useful!
void setup() {
size(960, 540, P2D);
background(0);
smooth(8);
createBubbles(100);
}
void draw() {
background(0);
doBubbles();
}
void mousePressed() {
checkIfBubbleHit(mouseX, mouseY);
}
//////////////////////////////
// BUBBLE CLASS AND HELPERS //
//////////////////////////////
// An arraylist to hold all the bubbles
ArrayList<Bubble> bubbles = new ArrayList<Bubble>();
// An easy way to make lots of them
void createBubbles(int _thisMany) {
for (int i = 0; i < _thisMany; i++) {
bubbles.add(new Bubble());
}
}
// An easy way to step through, update and display them all
void doBubbles() {
for (Bubble b : bubbles) {
b.update();
b.display();
}
}
// Check all bubbles to see if they have been clicked on
void checkIfBubbleHit(int _mx, int _my) {
for (Bubble b : bubbles) {
b.checkIfHit(_mx, _my);
}
}
//////////////////
// BUBBLE CLASS //
class Bubble {
float x, y, diam, diamBurst, floatSpeed;
float originalDiam;
int wobbleOffset = int(random(10000));
int state = 0; // 0 = normal; 1 = clicked;
Bubble() {
reset();
}
void reset() {
diam = random(40, 70);
originalDiam = diam; // we use this for our burst dots mapping
x = random(diam, width - diam);
y = height + (diam/2);
floatSpeed = random(0.5, 2);
diamBurst = diam + 50;
state = 0;
}
void update() {
switch(state) {
case 0: // normal rising bubble
y = y - floatSpeed;
if (y <= -diam/2) {
reset(); // off the top without being clicked? reset to bottom
}
break;
case 1: // bubble has been clicked on
diam = lerp(diam, diamBurst, 0.1); // burst!
break;
}
}
void display() {
switch(state) {
case 0: // normal rising bubble
fill(255, 32);
stroke(255);
strokeWeight(1);
// simple wobble using sin, cos and frameCount
// random wobbleOffset variable means they don't all wobble at the same time
float xDiam = diam + sin(radians(wobbleOffset + frameCount*5))*5;
float yDiam = diam + cos(radians(wobbleOffset + frameCount*5))*5;
ellipse(x, y, xDiam, yDiam);
break;
case 1: // bursting bubble
// draw the burst dots
int numBurstDots = 60;
float angleStep = radians(360.0/numBurstDots);
strokeWeight(3);
float burstDotAlpha = map(diam, originalDiam, diamBurst, 255, 0); // makes our burst dots fade out
stroke(255, burstDotAlpha);
for (int i = 0; i < numBurstDots; i++) {
float bx = sin(angleStep*i)*diam/2;
float by = cos(angleStep*i)*diam/2;
point(x + bx, y + by);
}
if (diam >= diamBurst) { // burst yet?
reset(); // reset it!
}
break;
}
}
void checkIfHit(int _mx, int _my) {
// check distance from centre of bubble
if (dist(x, y, _mx, _my) < diam/2) {
state = 1;
}
}
}
2 Likes
Thanks for that!
I worked further on Teljemos version
Bubble b1;
void setup() {
size(640, 360);
b1 = new Bubble(50);
}
void draw() {
background(0);
// bubble management
b1.all();
}
void mousePressed() {
// bubble explodes
if (b1.over()) {
b1.fall();
}
}
// ========================================================================================================
class Bubble {
// constants: these are values that state can have (must be unique (0,1,2...))
final int RISE = 0; // the word final makes them constants
final int FALL = 1;
final int RESTART = 2;
// variable: current value of the state
int state=RISE; // not a state of the program, but the state of the bubble
float tempSize;
float w;
float h;
boolean move = true;
float maxW;
float maxH;
float minW;
float minH;
float wspeed;
float hspeed;
float riseY = random(0.8, 3);
float riseStart;
float start = random(0, 640);
float gravity = 0.3;
float rad;
Fallout[] fallouts; //might want to use a list (ArrayList)
Bubble(float tempSize) { // <----------------- Bubble takes value from tab 1 and makes tempSize
w = tempSize;
h = tempSize;
riseStart = tempSize + height;
rad=tempSize/2;
maxW = w*1.1+random(0, maxW/2);
maxH = h*1.1+random(0, maxH/1);
minW = w/1.1;
minH = h/1.1;
wspeed = w/100;
hspeed = h/75;
}
void all() {
// all (or script())
stroke(255, 255);
//print("Y ", mouseY);
//print(" RS ", b1.riseStart);
//print(" X ", mouseX);
//println(" Start", b1.start);
switch(state) {
case RISE:
// rise
show();
move();
top();
break;
case FALL:
//fall
riseY = riseY - gravity;
riseStart = riseStart - riseY;
// new small ball
ellipse(start, riseStart,
3, 3);
//shrapnels
showExplosion();
// lower screen border?
if (riseStart>height+133) {
state = RESTART;
}
break;
case RESTART:
// restart
state = RISE;
riseY = random(0.8, 3);
riseStart = tempSize + height+100;
start = random(w, width-w);
break;
default:
// What does this state do? When does it run?
// It just picks up an error, when we forgot a state.
// Error
println("Error. Unknown state ");
exit();
break;
//
}//switch
//
} // method
void show() {
//noFill();
//stroke(255);
noFill();
stroke(255, 255);
strokeWeight(1);
ellipse (start, riseStart,
w, h);
if (move) {
w = w + wspeed;
if ((w > maxW) || (w < minW)) { // Makes bubble wobble.
wspeed = wspeed * -1;
}
if (move) {
h = h + hspeed;
}
if ((h > maxH) || (h < minH)) { // Makes bubble wobble.
hspeed = hspeed * -1;
}
}
}
void move() {
riseStart = riseStart - riseY;
}
void top() {
if (riseStart < tempSize - tempSize -100) {
state=RESTART;
}
}
void fall() {
state=FALL;
explode();
}
boolean over() {
// returns true or false; true when mouse is on balloon.
return
(mouseX < start + w/2) &&
(mouseX > start - w/2) &&
(mouseY < riseStart + h/2) &&
(mouseY > riseStart - h/2);
}
void showExplosion() {
for (int i = 0; i < fallouts.length; i++) {
fallouts[i].display();
fallouts[i].move();
}//for
}
void explode() {
// init a new explosion
// final float RADIUS = rad;
println(rad);
//2PI would only shoot down, PI is up down,
//halfPi is in 4 dirs and so on
//you can also just use some random number like 0.3256
//but try keeping it within 0-2PI
// full reset
fallouts = new Fallout[0];
// How many shrapnels? Random :
final int upperBound = int(random(8, 44));
// angle step accordingly
final float ANGLE_INCREMENT = TWO_PI/upperBound;
// angle
float angle=0;
for (int i=0; i<=upperBound; i++) {
// make a new bullet at CURRENT POSITION : start, riseStart
Fallout newFallout = new Fallout(
start, riseStart, // start pos
cos(angle)*random(.9, 3.8), sin(angle)*random(.9, 3.8) // speed of movement
);
// append it to array
fallouts = (Fallout[]) append(fallouts, newFallout);
angle=i*ANGLE_INCREMENT;
}//for
}//method
//
} //class
// ========================================================================================================
class Fallout {
// Bullet
float posX, posY;
float dirX, dirY;
int fade = 255;
float sizeFallout=random(0.3, 2.8);
color colorFallout = color(random(255), random(255), random(255)) ;
Fallout ( float x_, float y_,
float dx_, float dy_) {
posX = x_;
posY = y_;
dirX = dx_;
dirY = dy_;
}
void display() {
fill(colorFallout, fade);
noStroke();
ellipse(posX, posY,
sizeFallout, sizeFallout);
}
void move() {
posX+=dirX;
posY+=dirY;
fade-=1; // fade could be at random speed
}
//
}//class
//
1 Like
Awesome examples
@GSA_IxD, Very interesting to see a code written in a different way with the same result!
Thx for that!
@Chrisir, That latest version is really close.
And since you left a bunch of comments I have been able to change it to what we are looking for
I added the cos and sin plus the rad variable here to start the fallout from around the circle again
Also changed the speed and direction of the explosion. (since its mot of a popping bubble than exploding fireworks)
// make a new bullet at CURRENT POSITION : start, riseStart
Fallout newFallout = new Fallout(
*cos(angle)*rad+*start, *sin(angle)*rad+*riseStart, // start pos
cos(angle)*random(-1.2, 0.8), sin(angle)*random(-1.2, 0.8) // speed of movement
The upperBound variable should work fine to randomize the number of “particles”. maybe even better than number based on size of main bubble…
Super cool!.. Thx a lot.
Now we are gonna make a array of bubble objects. After that the son said he would like to try rewriting the code for sphere instead of ellipse… 
Here’s the code with our small edits… Working as we want it to! Thx!
Bubble b1;
void setup() {
size(640, 360);
b1 = new Bubble(150);
}
void draw() {
background(0);
// bubble management
b1.all();
}
void mousePressed() {
// bubble explodes
if (b1.over()) {
b1.fall();
}
}
// ========================================================================================================
class Bubble {
// constants: these are values that state can have (must be unique (0,1,2...))
final int RISE = 0; // the word final makes them constants
final int FALL = 1;
final int RESTART = 2;
// variable: current value of the state
int state=RISE; // not a state of the program, but the state of the bubble
float tempSize;
float w;
float h;
boolean move = true;
float maxW;
float maxH;
float minW;
float minH;
float wspeed;
float hspeed;
float riseY = random(1, 3);
float riseStart;
float start = random(0, 640);
float gravity = 0.3;
float rad;
Fallout[] fallouts; //might want to use a list (ArrayList)
Bubble(float tempSize) { // <----------------- Bubble takes value from tab 1 and makes tempSize
w = tempSize;
h = tempSize;
riseStart = tempSize + height;
rad=tempSize/2;
maxW = w*1.1+random(0, maxW/2);
maxH = h*1.1+random(0, maxH/1);
minW = w/1.1;
minH = h/1.1;
wspeed = w/100;
hspeed = h/75;
}
void all() {
// all (or script())
stroke(255, 100);
fill(255,200);
//print("Y ", mouseY);
//print(" RS ", b1.riseStart);
//print(" X ", mouseX);
//println(" Start", b1.start);
switch(state) {
case RISE:
// rise
show();
move();
top();
break;
case FALL:
//fall
riseY = riseY - gravity;
riseStart = riseStart - riseY;
// new small ball
ellipse(start, riseStart,
rad/15, rad/15);
//shrapnels
showExplosion();
// lower screen border?
if (riseStart>height+133) {
state = RESTART;
}
break;
case RESTART:
// restart
state = RISE;
riseY = random(1, 3);
riseStart = tempSize + height+100;
start = random(w, width-w);
break;
default:
// What does this state do? When does it run?
// It just picks up an error, when we forgot a state.
// Error
println("Error. Unknown state ");
exit();
break;
//
}//switch
//
} // method
void show() {
//noFill();
//stroke(255);
fill(255,50);
stroke(255, 255);
strokeWeight(1);
ellipse (start, riseStart,
w, h);
if (move) {
w = w + wspeed;
if ((w > maxW) || (w < minW)) { // Makes bubble wobble.
wspeed = wspeed * -1;
}
if (move) {
h = h + hspeed;
}
if ((h > maxH) || (h < minH)) { // Makes bubble wobble.
hspeed = hspeed * -1;
}
}
}
void move() {
riseStart = riseStart - riseY;
}
void top() {
if (riseStart < tempSize - tempSize -100) {
state=RESTART;
}
}
void fall() {
state=FALL;
explode();
}
boolean over() {
// returns true or false; true when mouse is on balloon.
return
(mouseX < start + w/2) &&
(mouseX > start - w/2) &&
(mouseY < riseStart + h/2) &&
(mouseY > riseStart - h/2);
}
void showExplosion() {
for (int i = 0; i < fallouts.length; i++) {
fallouts[i].display();
fallouts[i].move();
}//for
}
void explode() {
// init a new explosion
// final float RADIUS = rad;
println(rad);
//2PI would only shoot down, PI is up down,
//halfPi is in 4 dirs and so on
//you can also just use some random number like 0.3256
//but try keeping it within 0-2PI
// full reset
fallouts = new Fallout[0];
// How many shrapnels? Random :
final int upperBound = int(random(8, 44));
// angle step accordingly
final float ANGLE_INCREMENT = TWO_PI/upperBound;
// angle
float angle=0;
for (int i=0; i<=upperBound; i++) {
// make a new bullet at CURRENT POSITION : start, riseStart
Fallout newFallout = new Fallout(
cos(angle)*rad+start, sin(angle)*rad+riseStart, // start pos
cos(angle)*random(-1.2, 0.8), sin(angle)*random(-1.2, 0.8) // speed of movement
);
// append it to array
fallouts = (Fallout[]) append(fallouts, newFallout);
angle=i*ANGLE_INCREMENT;
}//for
}//method
//
} //class
// ========================================================================================================
class Fallout {
// Bullet
float posX, posY;
float dirX, dirY;
int fade = 255;
float sizeFallout=random(0.3, 2.8);
color colorFallout = color(random(255,fade), random(255,fade), random(255,fade)) ;
Fallout ( float x_, float y_,
float dx_, float dy_) {
posX = x_;
posY = y_;
dirX = dx_;
dirY = dy_;
}
void display() {
fill(colorFallout, fade);
noStroke();
ellipse(posX, posY,
sizeFallout, sizeFallout);
}
void move() {
posX+=dirX;
posY+=dirY;
fade-=random(10,20); // fade could be at random speed
}
//
}//class
//
2 Likes
Nice to hear this!
Thanks also for your Mail!
Chrisir
1 Like
I mentioned the tutorials:
-
trigonometry. This explains cos and sin which I used for the speed/ direction of the shrapnel in the explosion. You could try to write a sketch that draws a circle without using circle / ellipse command : https://www.processing.org/tutorials/trig/
-
objects: teaches about classes, objects, oop and constructor : https://www.processing.org/tutorials/objects/
2 Likes
What if the bubbles would explode on clashing with each other??
1 Like
great idea, love to see your code.
I tried it. But it’s not working. I think because of the condition I’ve written for a bubble to pop, each bubble is getting popped by itself. Haven’t been able to rectify it though.
Bubble [] bubbles = new Bubble [100] ;
void setup () {
size (640, 480);
for (int indices = 0; indices < bubbles.length; indices += 1) {
bubbles [indices] = new Bubble (random (width), height, random (80));
}
}
void draw () {
background (0);
for (int indices = 0; indices < bubbles.length; indices += 1) {
bubbles[indices].ascend ();
if (bubbles [indices].together (bubbles [indices])) {
bubbles[indices].pops ();
}
bubbles[indices].display ();
bubbles[indices].top ();
}
}
class Bubble {
float x, y;
float d;
float driftX;
float speedY;
float alpha;
Bubble (float tempX, float tempY, float tempD) {
x = tempX;
y = tempY;
d = tempD;
driftX = 2;
speedY = random (0.25, 2);
alpha = random (20, 107);
}
void display () {
fill (255, 223 + (random (-20, 0)), 0, alpha);
noStroke ();
ellipse (x, y, d, d);
}
void ascend () {
x += random (driftX*-1, driftX);
y -= speedY;
}
void top () {
if (y+d < 0) {
y = height;
}
}
boolean together (Bubble other) {
float distance = dist((x + d/2), (y+d/2), (other.x+((other.d)/2)), (other.y+((other.d)/2)));
if (distance == 0) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
void pops () {
d = 0;
}
}