There is a massive semantic difference between static and final as the references you provide point out.
Now even beginners can grasp the concept of variables and constants and it is good programming practice to mark constants with the appropriate keyword (in Java final) and to use use SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE for the identifier name. Identifying constants in the code can help reduce the risk of logic errors so is a good habit to get into, even for beginners.
On the other hand static is totally incomprehensible concept to anyone who is unfamiliar with object orientated programming. For that reason I wouldn’t use it in a basic Processing sketch unless there is a real need to do so.
In this sketch there is no significant difference between using
static final byte[][][] CHORD_BANKS = { ...
and
final byte[][][] CHORD_BANKS = { ...
So its a matter of personal choice and my stating a preference was not meant as a criticism of your choice.